Brain trauma may also be referred to as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention defines a traumatic brain injury as a disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or penetrating head injury.
NeuroTexas neurosurgeons are trained to treat the various degrees of TBI.
Symptoms
- Mild: May or may not experience a brief loss of consciousness
Headache, confusion, lightheadedness or dizziness
Blurred vision or tired eyes
Ringing in the ears
Bad taste in the mouth
Fatigue or lethargy,
A change in sleep patterns
Behavioral or mood changes
Trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking.
- Moderate and Severe –Similar symptoms but may also have:
Worsening constant headache,
Repeated vomiting/nausea
Convulsions or seizures
Inability to awaken from sleep
Dilation (enlarged) of one or both pupils of the eyes
Slurred speech
Weakness or numbness in the extremities
Loss of coordination
Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation.
*Anyone with sign of a moderate or severe TBI should seek medical assistance immediately.
Diagnosis
- Physical and neurological exam
- Skull and/or neck X-ray
- Computed Tomography (CT) scan
Treatment
Initially the goal is to stabilize the patient and prevent further injury through
- Insuring proper oxygen supply to the brain and the rest of the body
- Maintaining adequate blood flow
- Controlling blood pressure.
Surgery
It may be necessary to surgically remove or repair hematomas (ruptured blood vessels), contusions (bruised brain tissue) or Hydrocephalus (excess cerebrospinal fluid). Our neurosurgeon will assess the severity, location of injury and general health of the patient to determine the best treatment.
Referenced: National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Center for Disease Control and Prevention
